Perceived ethnic discrimination and school connectedness among adolescents in Finland: Role of family background and sex
Abstract
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abubakar, A., van de Vijver, F. J., Mazrui, L., Murugami, M., & Arasa, J. (2014). Connectedness and psychological well-being among adolescents of immigrant background in Kenya. In R. Dimitrova, M. Bender, & F. J. R. Van de Vijver (Eds.), Global perspectives on well-being in immigrant families (pp. 95‒114). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9129-3
Assari, S., & Caldwell, C. (2017). Darker skin tone increases perceived discrimination among male but not female Caribbean black youth. Children, 4:107. https://doi.org/10.3390/children4120107
Assari, S., Gibbons, F., & Simons, R. (2018). Perceived discrimination among black youth: an 18-year longitudinal study. Behavioral Sciences, 8:44. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8050044
Balfanz, R., Herzog, L., & Mac Iver, D. J. (2007). Preventing student disengagement and keeping students on the graduation path in urban middle-grades schools: Early identification and effective interventions. Educational Psychologist, 42, 223‒235. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520701621079
Benner, A. D., & Graham, S. (2013). The antecedents and consequences of racial/ethnic discrimination during adolescence: Does the source of discrimination matter? Developmental Psychology, 49, 1602‒1613. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0030557
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55, 303‒332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
Berry, J. W., Poortinga, Y. H., Breugelmans, S. M., Chasiotis, A., & Sam D. L., 2011, Cross cultural psychology, 3rd ed, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Berry, J. W., & Sabatier, C. (2010). Acculturation, discrimination, and adaptation among second generation immigrant youth in Montreal and Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 191-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.11.007
Bottiani, J. H., Bradshaw, C. P., & Mendelson, T. (2017). A multilevel examination of racial disparities in high school discipline: Black and white adolescents’ perceived equity, school belonging, and adjustment problems. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109, 532‒545. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/edu0000155
Bronfenbrenner, U., (2006). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Demon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Volume 1, Theoretical models of human development (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In T. N. Postlethwaite & T. Husen (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 568–587). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
Capps, R., Fix, M., Ost, J., Reardon-Anderson, J., Passel, J. (2005). The health and well-being of young children of immigrants. Urban Institute. http://webarchive.urban.org/UploadedPDF/311139_ChildrenImmigrants.pdf
Cheng, S., & Klugman, J. (2010). School racial composition and biracial adolescents' school attachment. The Sociological Quarterly, 51, 150‒178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2009.01166.x
Chiu, M. M., Pong, S. L., Mori, I., & Chow, B. W. Y. (2012). Immigrant students’ emotional and cognitive engagement at school: A multilevel analysis of students in 41 countries. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 1409‒1425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9763-x
Contrada, R. J., Ashmore, R. D., Gary, M. L., Coups, E., Egeth, J. D., Sewell, A., … Chasse, V. (2001). Measures of ethnicityâ€related stress: Psychometric properties, ethnic group differences, and associations with wellâ€being 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 1775‒1820. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00205.x
Contrada, R. J., Ashmore, R. D., Gary, M. L., Coups, E., Egeth, J. D., Sewell, A., … Chasse, V. (2000). Ethnicity-Related Sources of Stress and Their Effects on Well-Being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 136–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00078
Cooper, S. M., Brown, C., Metzger, I., Clinton, Y., & Guthrie, B. (2013). Racial discrimination and African American adolescents’ adjustment: Gender variation in family and community social support, promotive and protective factors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 15‒29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9608-y
Delgado, M. Y., Ettekal, A. V., Simpkins, S. D., & Schaefer, D. R. (2016). How do my friends matter? Examining Latino adolescents’ friendships, school belonging, and academic achievement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 1110‒1125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0341-x
Dimitrova, R., Chasiotis, A., & Van de Vijver, F. (2016). Adjustment outcomes of immigrant children and youth in Europe. European Psychologist, 21, 150‒162. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000246
Dunham, R., & Wilson, G. (2007). Race, within-family social capital, and school dropout: An analysis of Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Sociological Spectrum, 27, 207‒221. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732170601123435
Eisenberg, M. E., Neumarkâ€Sztainer, D., & Perry, C. L. (2003). Peer harassment, school connectedness, and academic achievement. Journal of School Health, 73, 311‒316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb06588.x
English, D., Lambert, S. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2014). Longitudinal associations between experienced racial discrimination and depressive symptoms in African American adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 50, 1190‒1196. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0034703
Fall, A. M., & Roberts, G. (2012). High school dropouts: Interactions between social context, self-perceptions, school engagement, and student dropout. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 787‒798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.11.004
Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity (2012). Responsible conduct of research and procedures for handling allegations of misconduct in Finland. Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity.
Finnish National Agency for Education (P. Karhu, Ed.) (2018). Key figures on general upper secondary school education in Finland (Reports and surveys 2018:13). https://www.oph.fi/english/publications/2018/key_figures_on_general_upper_secondary_education_in_finland
Gil, A. G., Wagner, E. F., & Vega, W. A. (2000). Acculturation, familism, and alcohol use among Latino adolescent males: Longitudinal relations. Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 443‒458. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(200007)28:4%3C443::AID-JCOP6%3E3.0.CO;2-A
Gregory, A., & Weinstein, R. S. (2008). The discipline gap and African Americans: Defiance or cooperation in the high school classroom. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 455‒475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2007.09.001
Herman, M. (2004). Forced to choose: Some determinants of racial identification in multiracial adolescents. Child Development, 75, 730‒748. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00703.x
Hernandez, D. J. (2004). Demographic change and the life circumstances of immigrant families. The Future of Children 14, 17‒47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1602792
Hjern, A., Rajmil, L., Bergström, M., Berlin, M., Gustafsson, P. A., & Modin, B. (2013). Migrant density and well-being‒A national school survey of 15-year-olds in Sweden. European Journal of Public Health, 23, 823‒828. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckt106
Huynh, V. W., & Fuligni, A. J. (2010). Discrimination hurts: The academic, psychological, and physical wellâ€being of adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 916‒941. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00670.x
Jaakkola, M., (2009). Maahanmuuttajat suomalaisten näkökulmasta. Asennemuutokset 1997-2007. Helsinki, Finland: City of Helsinki Urban Facts Research Series. https://www.hel.fi/hel2/Tietokeskus/julkaisut/pdf/09_02_19_Tutkimus_Jaakkola.pdf
Jackson, M. I., Kiernan, K., & McLanahan, S. (2012). Immigrant–native differences in child health: Does maternal education narrow or widen the gap?. Child Development, 83, 1501‒1509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01811.
Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., Horenczyk, G., & Schmitz, P. (2003). The interactive nature of acculturation: Perceived discrimination, acculturation attitudes and stress among young ethnic repatriates in Finland, Israel and Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 79‒97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(02)00061-5
Joyce, H. D., & Early, T. J. (2014). The impact of school connectedness and teacher support on depressive symptoms in adolescents: A multilevel analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 39, 101‒107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.02.005
Liebkind, K., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Solheim, E. (2004). Cultural identity, perceived discrimination, and parental support as determinants of immigrants’ school adjustments: Vietnamese youth in Finland. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, 635‒656. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0743558404269279
Liu, D., Yu, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., & Ren, G. (2014). The impact of perception of discrimination and sense of belonging on the loneliness of the children of Chinese migrant workers: a structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8:52. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-52
Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I., Unger, J. B., Oshri, A., Baezconde-Garbanati, L., & Soto, D. (2016). Profiles of bullying victimization, discrimination, social support, and school safety: Links with Latino/a youth acculturation, gender, depressive symptoms, and cigarette use. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86, 37‒48. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ort0000113
McWhirter, E. H., Garcia, E. A., & Bines, D. (2018). Discrimination and other education barriers, school connectedness, and thoughts of dropping out among Latina/o students. Journal of Career Development, 45, 330‒344. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0894845317696807
Myllyniemi, S. (2017). Katse tulevaisuudessa: Nuoriso barometri 2016.(Report No. 56). Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö, Valtion nuorisoneuvosto, Nuorisotutkimusseura ja tekijät. https://tietoanuorista.fi/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Nuorisobarometri_2016_WEB.pdf
Nadal, K. L. (2011). The Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS): Construction, reliability, and validity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 470‒480. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0025193
Niehaus, K., Irvin M.J., Rogelberg, S. (2016). School connectedness and valuing as predictors of high school completion and postsecondary attendance among Latino youth. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 44, 54‒67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.02.003
Nshom, E., & Croucher, S. (2017). Perceived threat and prejudice towards immigrants in Finland: A study among early, middle, and late Finnish adolescents. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 10, 309‒323. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2017.1312489
OECD. (2018). Working together: Skills and labour market integration of immigrants and their children in Finland, Paris, France: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264305250-en
OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 results (Volume III): Students well-being. Retrived from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2015-results-volume-iii/students-sense-of-belonging-by-immigrant-background_9789264273856-table125-en
Oldfield, J., Humphrey, N., & Hebron, J. (2016). The role of parental and peer attachment relationships and school connectedness in predicting adolescent mental health outcomes. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 21, 21‒29. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12108
Özdemir, M., & Bayram Özdemir, S. (2017). The role of school context in adolescents’ attitudes towards immigrants and inter-ethnic friendships. In: E. Lundberg (Ed.), The mechanisms of tolerance: An anthology. Stockholm: The Living History Forum7.
Özdemir, S. B., & Stattin, H. (2014). Why and when is ethnic harassment a risk for immigrant adolescents’ school adjustment? Understanding the processes and conditions. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1252‒1265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0038-y
Pachter, L. M., Bernstein, B. A., Szalacha, L. A., & Coll, C. G. (2010). Perceived racism and discrimination in children and youths: An exploratory study. Health & Social Work, 35, 61‒69. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/35.1.61
Plenty, S., & Jonsson J. O. (2017). Social exclusion among peers: The role of immigrant status and classroom immigrant density. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 1275‒1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0564-5
Spencer, M. B., Dupree, D., & Hartmann, T. (1997). A phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST): A self-organization perspective in context. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 817–833. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579497001454
Statistics Finland (2019). Number of persons with foreign background exceeded 400,000. http://www.stat.fi/til/vaerak/2018/02/vaerak_2018_02_2019-06-19_tie_001_en.html
Strohmeier, D., Kärnä, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). Intrapersonal and interpersonal risk factors for peer victimization in immigrant youth in Finland. Developmental Psychology, 47, 248‒258. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0020785
Taguma, M., Shewbridge, C., Huttowa, J., & Hoffman, N. (2009). OECD reviews of migrant education: Norway 2009. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/43723539.pdf
Uslu, F., & Gizir, S. (2017). School belonging of adolescents: The role of teacher-student relationships, peer relationships and family involvement. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 17, 63‒82. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2017.1.0104
Vedder, P. H., & Horenczyk, G. (2006). Acculturation and the school. In D. L. Sam & J. W. Berry (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 419‒438). New York: Cambridge University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/CBO9780511489891.031
Wang, M. T., & Fredricks, J. A. (2014). The reciprocal links between school engagement, youth problem behaviors, and school dropout during adolescence. Child Development, 85, 722‒737. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12138
Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., McMorris, B. J., Chen, X., & Stubben, J. D. (2001). Perceived discrimination and early substance abuse among American Indian children. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42, 405‒424. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3090187
Wikström, K., Haikkola, L., & Laatikainen, T. (2014). Maahanmuuttajataustaisten nuorten terveys ja hyvinvointi: Tutkimus pääkaupunkiseudun somali-ja kurditaustaisista nuorista. http://www.julkari.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/116199/URN_ISBN_978-952-302-212-6.pdf?sequence=1
Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents' school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 1197‒1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.7106012
Zacheus, T., Kalalahti, M., Varjo, J., Saarinen, M., Jahnukainen, M., Mäkelä, M. L., & Kivirauma, J. (2019). Discrimination, harassment and racism in Finnish lower secondary schools. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 9, 81‒98. https://doi.org/10.2478/njmr-2019-0004
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v10i2.20029
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.